Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Expansion Analysis

ATXN3 trinucleotide repeat analysis is a molecular test used to identify expanded CAG repeat size in the gene associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.

Turnaround Time

21 days

CPT Code(s)

81180

Cost

$500

Genes

• Spinocerebellar ataxia

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease, is the most common form of hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia . Features include lack of coordination and balance, gait abnormalities, vision problems such as nystagmus and ophthalmoplegia, dysphagia, and dysarthria. Parkinsonism develops over time including spasticity, rigidity, dystonia, and tremor. Peripheral neuropathy, muscle weakness, and fasciculations may occur. Average age of onset ranges form the teens to the 40s, and lifespan is typically reduced. SCA3 is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, and it is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene. Repeat ranges are as follows: Normal (≤ 44), Intermediate (45-59), Pathogenic (≥ 60). Intermediate alleles may have incomplete penetrance, and the age of onset and rate of progression correlate with the size of the expansion.

Triplet repeat-primed PCR

~100% for SCA3

The preferred sample type is 3-5 ml of peripheral blood collected in an EDTA (purple top) tube. Extracted DNA and saliva are also accepted for this test. Saliva samples must be submitted in an approved saliva kit. Contact the lab to receive a saliva kit or to have one sent to your patient.

The specimen should be kept at room temperature and delivered via overnight shipping. If shipment is delayed by one or two days, the specimen should be refrigerated and shipped at room temperature. Do not freeze the specimen. Samples collected on Friday can be safely designated for Monday delivery.

Prenatal testing may be available in cases where one parent is known to have an expanded allele. Please contact the lab to discuss specific cases prior to sending a sample.